Flanges  are an common method used joining like welding .This type of  joining process is mainly used when the joints requires dismantling as it provides increased flexibility. Flanges are extremely useful in connecting the pipes with valves and other equipments. Special flanges like breakup flanges are used in the maintenance  of any plant operation. There are many types of flanges available for specific uses like threaded flanges, socket weld flanges, slip on flanges etc.  
Studded crosses are pressure containing fitting .Studded crosses are used in various manifold assemblies. Sometimes they are used to distribute the fluid flow. Studded crosses are mainly manufactured from forged alloy steel in accordance with the pressure rating. The nickel alloys increases the corrosion resistance  and product life. Studded crosses are used in  adapters, wing valve and test flanges.